Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense dan Present Perfect Tense

 

Picture : students_09/freepik.com

KANTINPENDIDIKAN.COM- Simak penjelasan tentang simple past tense dan present perfect tense berikut ini. Pada bagian pertama akan dijelaskan tentang pengertian simple tense. 

Selain itu diberikan rumus simple past tense yang disertai contoh kalimat simple past tense secara lengkap yaitu kalimat positif/afirmatif, negatif dan tanya baik yang berupa yes/no questions atau WH-Questions.

Pada bagian selanjutnya silakan menyimak tentang pengertian present perfect tense, rumus present perfect tense dan penggunaanya dalam contoh kalimat present perfect tense. 

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is used to show past activity or past events. So, the event or the activity happened in the past. Use simple past when the activity started in the past, finished in the past and it is not continuing until the moment of speaking.

Simple past tense uses adverbs of time which shows the past such as yesterday, last week, last night, one year ago, the day before, once upon a time, etc. However, it is sometimes found some sentences using simple past without any adverbs of time.

The Formula of Simple Past Tense

Notes:

Types : affirmative, negative, interrogative (yes/no, WH questions)

Types based on the predicate : verbal sentence and nominal sentence

Affirmative (+)

Verbal Sentence

S + Verb 2/past form

Example: Lia bought a new bag yesterday.

Nominal Sentence 

S + Was/Were + Noun

I was in the classroom when you came.

Negative (-)

Verbal Sentence

S + did + not + Infinitive / verb base

I did not (didn’t) wash the motorbike.

Nominal Sentence 

S + Was/Were + not + Noun

When I was a child, I liked playing football.

Interrogative (?)

Yes/No Questions

Verbal Sentence

Did + S + Infinitive

Did she join you last night?

Nominal Sentence 

Was/Were + S +Noun?

Was the weather cloudy there?

Interrogative (?)

Who

Verbal  Sentence  

Who + Verb 2 /past form + object ?

Who sent the package ?

Nominal Sentence 

Who + was/were + complement?

Who was the man you met yesterday?

Interrogative (?)

What

Verbal Sentence

What + did + subject + Infinitive without ‘to’ + adverb ?

What did you do on the last weekend?

Nominal Sentence 

What + was/were + complement?

What was the material learnt last week?

Interrogative (?)

Where

Verbal Sentence

Where + did + subject + Infinitive without ‘to’ + adverb ?

Where did she go on thelast holiday?

Nominal Sentence 

Where + was/were + complement?

Where were they on the break time?

Interrogative (?)

When

Verbal Sentence

When + did + subject + Infinitive without ‘to’ + adverb ?

When did the theWright brothers invent the airplane?

Nominal Sentence 

When + was/were + complement?

When was  the event?

Interrogative (?)

Why

Verbal Sentence

Why + did + subject + Infinitive without ‘to’ + adverb ?

Why did the Wright brothers do the experiment?

Nominal Sentence

Why + was/were + S + complement?

Why was she happy?

Interrogative (?)

How

Verbal Sentence

How + did + subject + Infinitive without ‘to’ + adverb ?

How did you do the experiment?

Nominal Sentence

How + was/were + complement?

How was the weather there yesterday?

The Usage of Simple Past Tense

1.To show an action or an event happened in the past without emphasizing it is happening or has happened.

Example:

I called you last night but no one answered.

Did you tell your mother that your little sister was sick yesterday?

2.It is used in Conditional Sentence Type 2

Example:

I would come to the meeting if I were not busy at that time.

If I were you, I would buy this jacket.

Note : (Were) is commonly used intead of (was) for all form of subjects of the sentence.

3.To show interrupting moment for an event that’s happening in the past (simple past + past continuous tense)

Example:

My brother came  into my room when I was reading.

4.To explain an activity that happened in the past after another one finished. (sequential or chronological). The first activity usualy used past perfect tense.

Example: 

I had already gone to Pekanbaru before the event held.

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect is used to tell about an action started in the past and it has been done completely at present. 

Present perfect also can be used to tell something done repeatedly. In addition, we may use the tense to tell how long something has been going on. It can also tell us that the start time period is still ongoing.

Present perfect tense uses adverbs of time but it is not specific. The following are commonly used adverbs in present perfect tense : already, yet, just, ever, for, since, recently, etc.

The formula of Present Perfect Tense

Affirmative (+)

Verbal Sentence

S + have/has + Verb 3

I have told you many times.

Nominal Sentence

S + have/has + been + noun

She has gone already.

Negative (-)

Verbal Sentence

S + have/has + not + Verb 3

She has not visited Yogyakarta recently.

Nominal Sentence

S + have/has + not + been + noun

I have never been to Magelang.

Interrogative (?)

Yes/No Questions

Verbal Sentence

Have/has + S + Verb 3

Have you ever made a handcraft?

Nominal Sentence

Have/has + S + been + noun

Has she been in the office now?

Interrogative (?)

Who

Verbal Sentence

Who + has + Verb 3 /past participle + object ?

Who has sent the email ?

Nominal Sentence

Who + has + been + complement?

Who has been here recently?

Interrogative (?)

What                  

Verbal Sentence

What + have/has + subject + verb 3 /past participle ?

What have you done to make it better?

Nominal Sentence

What + have/has + complement?

What has been here recently?

Interrogative (?)

Where

Verbal Sentence

Where + have/has + subject + verb 3/past participle ?

Where has she moved the files?

Nominal Sentence

Where + have/has + subject + been + complement?

Where has the book on the table been moved?

Interrogative (?)

When

Verbal Sentence

When + have/has + subject +verb 3/past participle?

When has the Wright brothers invented the airplane?

Nominal Sentence

When + have/has + subject + been + complement?

When has the event been held?

Interrogative (?)

Why

Verbal Sentence

Why + have/has+ subject + verb 3/past?

Why have they changed the configuration?

Nominal Sentence

Why + have/has + subject + been + complement?

Why have you been there early?

Interrogative (?)

How

Verbal Sentence

How + have/has + subject + verb 3/past participle?

How have you done the experiment?

Nominal Sentence

How + have/has + subject + been + complement?

How has she been there?

The Usage of Present Perfect Tense

1.Showing an action that has just been done at present, the emphasis is on the results

Example:

My brother has painted the shoes. (Now the wall is different)

2.Explaining an action which had been done in the but the time about when it happened is not exactly clear.

Example:

I have sent the earphone, but you forget

They have met before, don’t they?

3.Explaining an action which has been done repeatedly

Example:

I have called you up 5 times, but you never answer.

Demikian tadi rangkuman materi simple past tense dan present perfect tense. Dalam rangkuman diatas dibahas pengertian, rumus dan contoh penggunaannya dalam kalimat. 

Agar lebih mudah dalam menggunakannya kalian pahami tentang nominal sentence dan verbal sentence serta perubahan kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris baik yang regular verbs ataupun irregular verbs.